1. One-Dimensional Steady-State Conduction (Fourier's Law)
Governed by Fourier's Law: q = -k · A · (dT/dx). For multi-layer series walls, the overall thermal resistance is R_total = Σ(L_i / (k_i · A)) + 1/(h_inner · A) + 1/(h_outer · A).
THERM-01 · Thermal Systems
Thermal Systems Stage
A multi-mode heat transfer instrument: conduction networks, radial critical insulation, transient lumped cooling, extended fin surfaces, and grey-body radiation exchange on an interactive 3D thermal stage.
Heat TransferReal-time Solver
Thermal control panel
Three solid layers in series with convection on both faces — interface temperatures drop linearly through each material.
Thermal discipline
R″ = 1/h_h + Σ Lᵢ/kᵢ + 1/h_c · q″ = ΔT / R″
Boundary temperatures & convection
Wall layers stack
Layer 1: Brick
Layer 2: Insulation
Layer 3: Concrete
Loading thermal stageLoading thermal stage
Domain axis: x (mm) · Red cursor tracks the interactive spatial probe
Thermal resistance network
Electrical analogy: temperature difference drives heat flow against series thermal resistances (ΔT = q · R).
Heat Flow Direction (q)→
Total R = 1.6360 K/W(R″ = 1.636 m²·K/W)
N1
1/h_h
Hot convection
0.0400 m²·K/W
N2
L1/k1
Brick
0.1389 m²·K/W
N3
L2/k2
Insulation
1.2500 m²·K/W
N4
L3/k3
Concrete
0.1071 m²·K/W
N5
1/h_c
Cold convection
0.1000 m²·K/W
N6
Live thermal results
Analytical outputs for Composite Wall · Series Layers · updated synchronously.
Exact analytical
⚠One layer dominates R″ — check the conductivity units.
qHeat rate
293.4W
Total heat transfer
q″Heat flux
293.4W/m²
Area-normalized
R_thThermal resistance
1.6360K/W
Total equivalent R
ΔTΔT Total
480.0°C
Hot − cold fluid
Total heat transfer rateq | 293.39W | Domain integral |
Heat fluxq″ | 293.39W/m² | Area-normalized flux |
Total thermal resistanceR_total | 1.6360K/W | Equivalent network R |